Artificial strabismus in kittens decreases the proportion of binocularly driven units in area 17 of the cortex. This change in the binocular interaction of cortical cells also takes place if the kittens are deprived of vision from the day in which the strabismus is surgically produced to the day of the electrophysiological recording. Thus, altered motility of the eye per se is sufficient to affect binocular interaction in the neurons of area 17 of the cortex.