Chick embryos (White Leghorn) of primitive-streak and head-process were bred in vitro with 0,0123 M and 0,0246 M solutions of NaSCN for varying period of time (6-12-24-48 hs.). Some embryos at the stage of head-process were transferred into the standard culture medium after the treatment with 0,0246 M NaSCN for 6-12-24 hs., and left there untill they reached the 48 hs. of breeding. 1) - The embryos treated at the stage of head-process showed a better development than the embryos treated at stage of primitive-streak with the same dose of NaSCN (0,0246 M) and for the same lenght of time. 2) - The treatment with NaSCN caused in the embryos of both stages, primitive-streak and head-process, an evident arrest in the body development. 3) - In the embryos at the stage of primitive-streak a rudimental nervous system developed, partially or totally lacking the spinal chord. Notochord and somites were absent, the mesenchima was reduced and the heart was partially double. 4) - All the organs of the embryos treated at the stage of head-process presented malformations variable according to the dose and the lenght of treatment; the neuraxis, the eyes, the lens and the ears showed an early arrest in their differentiation. The middle hind-brain and the anterior part of the chord are frequently degenerated and damaged. The somites had formed but the notochord could be partially or totally lacking. The development of the mesenchima was inhibited; after a treatment for 48 hs. with NaSCN it appeared greatly reduced owing to the formation of a large cavity communicating with the heart, which was morphologically single. Also the fore gut had formed but without specific differentiations.
Referenze Bibliografiche
[1] J. RUNNSTRÖM, Plasmabau und determination bei dem ei von Paracentrotus lividus Lk, «Arch. Entw. mech.», 113, 556 (1928).
[2] P. E. LINDAHL, Zur Kenntnis der physiologischen Grundlagen der Determination ini Seeigelkeim, «Acta Zool.», 17, 179 (1936).
[3] S. RANZI, Ricerche sulle basi fisiologiche della determinazione negli embrioni degli Echinodermi. - II Influenza del solfocianuro. «Arch. Zool. Ital.», 26, 427 (1939).
[4] S. RANZI e E. TAMINI, Azione del NaSCN sullo sviluppo di embrioni di Anfibi. - I. Azione su embrioni in toto, «Rend. Ist. Lomb. Sci. e Lett.», 75, 697 (1942).
[5] S. RANZI, E. TAMINI e E. STORARI-OFFER, Alterazioni dello sviluppo embrionale di Anfibi prodotte da solfocianato e da altre sostanze, «Rend. Ist. Lomb. Sci. e Lett.», 79, 161 (1946).
[6] C. CORTI, Ricerche sull'ipersviluppo della corda e iperinduzione degli Anfibi, «Riv. Biol.» 42, 443 (1950).
[7] S. RANZI e G. GAVAROSI, Dimensions of the notochord and somites in embryos of Xenopus laevis treated with thiocyanate, «J. Embryol. exp. Morph.», 7, 117 (1959).
[8] A. ROSSI, Effetto del tiocianato di sodio sullo sviluppo di Bufo bufo, «Rend. Ist. Sci. Univ. Camerino», 5, 151 (1964).
[9] K. T. ROGERS, Radioautographic analysis of the incorporation of protein and acid precursors into various tissues of early chick embryos cultured in toto on medium containing LiCl, «Dev. Biol.», 9, 176 (1964).
[10] G. NICOLET, Action du LiCl sur de jeunes blastodermes de poulet cultivés in vitro, «Experientia», 17, 413 (1961).
[11] K. T. ROGERS, Experimental production of perfect cycfopia in the chich by means of LiCl, whith a survey of the literature on cyclopia produced experimentally by various means, «Dev. Biol.», 8, 129 (1963).
[12] A. R. BEAUDOUIN and J. G. WILSON, Teratogenic effect of trypan blue on the developing chich, «Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. Med.», 97, 85 (1958).
[13] L. MULHERKAR, The effects of trypan bleu on chick embryos cultured in vitro, «J. Embryol. exp. Morph.», 8, 1 (1960).
[14] F. STEPHAN et B. SUTTER, Action du bleu trypan sur la différenciation du mésoderme axial chez l'embryon de Poule, «C.R. Soc. Biol.», 154, 1620 (1960).
[15] R. LANOT, Action du bleu trypan sur les cellules du jeune embryon de Poulet, «C. R. Soc. Biol.», 157, 1049 (1963).
[16] W. LANDAUER, Malformations of chicken embryos produced by boric acid and the probable role of riboflavin in their origin, «J. Exp. Zool.», 120, 469 (1952).
[17] W. LANDAUER and C. I. BLISS, Insulin-induced rumplessness of chickens. - III The relationship of dosage and of developmental stage at time of injection to response, «J. Exp. Zool.», 102, 1 (1946).
[18] W. LANDAUER, Insulin-induced abnormalities of beak extremities and eyes in chickens, «J. Exp. Zool.», 105, 145 (1947).
[19] W. LANDAUER, Insulin-induced rumplessness of chickens. - V. The effect of insulin on the axial skeleton of chicks and adult fowl, «J. Exp. Zool.», 105, 317 (1947).
[20] P. BARRON and McKENZIE, The inhibitory action of insulin in the early chick embryo, «J. Embryol. exp. Morph.», 10, 88 (1962).
[21] W. LANDAUER, Nicotine-induced malformations of chicken embryos and their bearing on the phenocopy problem, «J. Exp. Zool.», 143, 107 (1960).
[22] M. L. GABRIEL, The effect of local applications of colchicine on leghorn and polydactylous chick embryos, «J. Exp. Zool.», 101, 339 (1946).
[23] J. OVERTON, Effects of colchicine on the early chick blastoderm, «J. Exp. Zool.» 139, 329 (1958).
[24] L. I. PIERRO, Teratogenic action of actinomycin D in the embryonic chick. - II. Early devèlopment, «J. Exp. Zool.», 148, 241 (1961).
[25] G. BEVELANDER, H. NAKAHARA and G. K. ROLLE, Effect of tetracycline on the development of the skeletal system of the chick embryo, «Develop. Biol.», 2, 298 (1960).
[26] C. A. DE BOCK and A. PETERS, Effect of thalidomide on the development of the chick embryo, «Nature», 199, 1204 (1963).
[27] P. ANCEL, Recherches sur l'action tératogène du refroidissement temporaire de l'oeuf de Poule au cours de l'incubation, «J. Embryol. exp. Morph.», 6, 335 (1958).
[28] N. T. SPRATT, Development in vitro of the early chick blastoderm explanted on yolk and albumen extract saline agar substrata, «J. Exp. Zool.», 106, 345 (1947).
[29] D. A. T. NEW, A new technique for the cultivation of the chick embryo in vitro, «J. Embryol. Exp. Morph.», 3, 320 (1955).
[30] E. HOWARD, Some effects of NaCl concentration on the development of early chick blastoderms in culture, «J. Cell. Comp. Phis.», 41, 237 (1953).
[31] H. L. HAMILTON, Lillie's development of the chick. An introduction to embryology, Edito da Henry Holt and Company, New York (1952).
Con il contributo del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali