Questo lavoro propone una analisi critica sulle applicazioni della matematica allo studio di sistemi biologici complessi con particolare attenzione ai fenomeni della crescita tumorale in competizione con il sistema immunitario. Il lavoro delinea, a seguito di una descrizione fenomenologica, il problema matematico della modellizzazione multiscala e pone in evidenza come l'applicazione dei modelli allo studio di fenomeni di interesse nelle scienze biologiche generino problemi analitici e computazionali di notevole interesse e complessità. L'ultima parte del lavoro tratta alcune questioni relative alla formazione di matematici nel contesto nazionale ed europeo sempre con riferimento al tema trattato.
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Con il contributo del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali